The Buchanan v. Warley case began in Louisville, Kentucky, when the NAACP challenged a city law that enforced residential segregation by race. In 1917, the U.S. Supreme Court unanimously ruled the law unconstitutional, marking the NAACP's first major Supreme Court victory and an important step against legalized housing segregation. Although discriminatory housing practices continued in other forms, the case became a landmark civil rights decision and is commemorated today with a historical marker in Louisville.